Gingivitis is caused by plaque and tartar buildup, which creates an environment for bacteria that inflame and bleed the gums, often noticed when brushing or eating. Early-stage gingivitis is easily treated with scaling, where tartar is removed from the tooth surface. If untreated, it may progress to a more severe stage requiring root planing, which smoothens the tooth roots and removes infected tissue. Both procedures are non-surgical and performed without anesthesia, though more advanced cases may require numbing for comfort. Treatment is usually done in sections of the mouth to allow healin

England is home to several leading dental hospitals known for their comprehensive oral healthcare services. **Eastman Dental Hospital** in London is renowned for its excellence in specialist treatments such as oral surgery, orthodontics, and restorative dentistry. **Guy's Hospital Dental Institute**, also in London, provides a range of dental services such as implants, endodontics, and periodontics. **University Dental Hospital of Manchester** offers high-quality care in pediatric dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and restorative treatments. **Birmingham Dental Hospital** is recog