SNAP 2023 Test-2 Analysis: No Change in Exam Pattern; Check Cut Offs for SIBM, SCMHRD
SNAP 2023 exam is being conducted on three dates. The first SNAP exam was on Dec 10 and 2nd SNAP exam has got over on December 17 at 3 PM. The SNAP-2 exam remained of easier difficulty level than SNAP-1. SNAP cut offs for top Symbiosis colleges are likely to remain same for both exams. Like for SNAP-1, MBAUniverse.com is the first to release the SNAP-2 Analysis covering key aspects of exam pattern, difficulty level, cut offs for 80 to 99 percentile range

SNAP 2023 second exam was held on December 17, 2023 from 2 PM to 3 PM. SNAP-2 has been easier than SNAP-1 and was of moderate difficulty level. MBAUniverse.com is again the first to release the SNAP exam analysis for second SNAP exam as it released for SNAP-1 exam.
Symbiosis International University (SIU) Pune is conducting the SNAP 2023 exam on three dates. More than 1.5 lakh candidates have applied for SNAP this year and out of them more than 1 lakh are expected to appear in SNAP at 84 test cities in India. Expert team from MBAUniverse.com is assessing each SNAP 2023 exam to share first hand SNAP exam analysis.
SNAP 2023 Test-2 Analysis: Exam Pattern remains same as SNAP-1
MBAUniverse.com SNAP Exam 2023 Analysis and percentile predictions on SNAP cut offs will help the test takers to gauge their performance in SNAP 2023 and their admission chances in top Symbiosis institutes. Key coverage areas of SNAP-2 Exam Analysis are:
MBAUniverse.com SNAP Exam Analysis 2023: Key Coverage Areas
MBAUniverse SNAP Slot-2 Analysis covers the following:
- SNAP Exam Pattern, Scoring Scheme
- SNAP-2 Difficulty Level: Overall & Section wise Analysis by Experts
- SNAP 2023 Test-2 Sectional Analysis
- SNAP 2023 Cut off Score Vs Percentile
- SNAP Score Cut off Predictions for top Symbiosis B-schools
1. SNAP 2023 Test-2: Exam Pattern & Scoring Scheme
SNAP Test-2 was held on Dec 17 in single slot from 2PM to 3 PM and was a moderate difficulty test. Detailed SNAP Test-2 Analysis is as below
Sections
|
Total Questions (All MCQ Type)
|
Marking Scheme
|
Negative Marking for wrong answer
|
Maximum Marks you can score
|
General English: Reading Comprehension, Verbal Reasoning, Verbal Ability
|
15
|
+1 mark for each correct answer
|
- 0.25 Mark
|
15
|
Quantitative, Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency
|
20
|
+1 mark for each correct answer
|
- 0.25 Mark
|
20
|
Analytical & Logical Reasoning
|
25
|
+1 mark for each correct answer
|
- 0.25 Mark
|
25
|
Total
|
60
|
--
|
--
|
60
|
- Like other major National Level MBA entrance exams such as CAT/XAT, SNAP 2023 has three common sections on Verbal, Verbal Reasoning, RC; Quant &DI; Reasoning.
- With the reduced number of 60 questions in SNAP 2023 exam, the cut offs in shortlisting are also changed proportionately.
- SNAP Exam 2023 duration is reduced to 1 hour from 2 hours
- Candidate can take all the 3 SNAP 2023 exams
- Total questions reduced to 60
- Best of the performance of candidate out of the attempts he/ she has made will be considered for shortlisting by Symbiosis Institutes
2. SNAP-2 Difficulty Level, Good Attempts: Overall & Section wise Analysis by Experts
Section
|
Total Questions
|
Difficulty Level
|
Good Attempts
|
Suggested time to attempt the section (in minutes)
|
General English: Reading Comprehension, Verbal Reasoning, Verbal Ability
|
15
|
Moderate
|
13-14
|
15-16
|
Analytical & Logical Reasoning
|
25
|
Moderate
|
19-20
|
24-25
|
Quantitative, Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency
|
20
|
Easy to Moderate
|
14-15
|
22-24
|
3. SNAP Test-2 2023 Sectional Analysis
Below is shared the SNAP Test-2 analysis section wise with break up of questions and good attempts
Section-1: General English: Reading Comprehension, Verbal Reasoning, Verbal Ability
- Total Questions: 15
- Difficulty Level: Moderate
- RC Based Questions: Nil
- Verbal Ability Based Questions: 15
- Ideal Attempts 13-14 questions with 90% accuracy
- Expected time to attempt the sections 14-15 minutes.
Break-up of Questions
General English
|
No. Of Qs
|
Vocabulary
|
5-6
|
Grammar
|
8-9
|
Others
|
1-2
|
Type of Questions
- All questions were of MCQ type with negative marking
- Questions were based on Vocabulary, Grammar, Poetry
- No RC Passages Based Questions
Vocabulary Based Questions
- Synonyms/Antonyms (1 question) – Synonym of Philanthropy (Ans Benevolence)
- Figures of Speech, Proverbs, Idioms (4)
Grammar Based Questions
- Parts of speech and tenses identification from Poem: (2)
- Direct Grammar Based Questions with correct usage: (5)
- Fill in the blanks: (Single blank 1; questions with three blanks 3 questions)
- No RC passages and questions
- Section could be attempted well within time and then you could move to next section
Section-2: Analytical & Logical Reasoning
- Total Questions: 25
- Questions based on Verbal Reasoning: 11-12
- Non-Verbal Reasoning based questions: 13-14
- Difficulty level- Moderate with few questions slightly difficult
- Ideal Attempts- 19-20
- Expected time to attempt the section: 24-25 minutes
Break-up of Questions in Analytical & Logical Reasoning section.
Question types
|
Number of questions
|
Level of difficulty
|
Verbal Reasoning
| ||
Syllogisms
|
2
|
Moderate
|
Statement & Course of Action
|
2
|
Easy
|
Conclusion - Critical Reasoning
|
3
|
Easy
|
Statement & Assumption
|
1
|
Easy
|
Cause- Effect
|
1
|
Easy
|
Word-Arrangement
|
2
|
Easy
|
Non-Verbal Reasoning
| ||
Complete the series
|
2
|
2 easy
|
Clocks
|
2
|
2 easy
|
Calendars
|
2
|
2 easy
|
Linear Arrangement
|
2
|
2 easy
|
Coding
|
2
|
1 easy,1 medium
|
Blood Relation
|
2
|
2 easy
|
Odd man out
|
1
|
1 easy
|
Sequential Output
|
1
|
1 easy
|
Numerical puzzle
|
1
|
1 medium
|
Type of Questions
Verbal Reasoning – 12 MCQs
- Critical Reasoning Based- 3 questions
- Courses of Action - 2 questions
- Statement and Assumption - 3 questions
- Cause-Effect - 1 question
- Syllogisms - 1 question
- Word Arrangement -2 questions
Non-Verbal Reasoning – 13 Questions
- Included questions on clocks, calendars, Linear arrangement
- No set based questions
Section-3: Quantitative, Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency
- Total Questions-20
- Mathematics based Questions-18-19
- Data Interpretation (DI) Questions-1-2
- Difficulty Level – Moderate but higher than other two sections
- Ideal Attempts – 14-15 Questions with 90% accuracy
- Expected time to complete the section – 22-24 minutes
Break Up of Questions
Quantitative, Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency
|
Easy
|
Medium
|
Difficult
|
Total
|
Arithmetic
|
7
|
1
|
--
|
8
|
Modern Mathematics
|
--
|
5
|
1
|
6
|
Geometry
|
1
|
2
|
--
|
3
|
Numbers
|
2
|
|
--
|
2
|
Algebra
|
--
|
1
|
--
|
1
|
Data Interpretation
|
--
|
1
|
--
|
1
|
Data Sufficiency
|
Nil
|
Nil
|
Nil
|
--
|
Type of Questions
- All questions were of MCQ Type
- Section was dominated by Arithmetic with 8 Questions
- Modern Mathematics-6 Questions
- Geometry- 3 Questions
Scaling Down Process of SNAP Scores
The maximum score of 60 marks in SNAP-2 will be scaled down to 50 while calculating the cut off and weightage at the time of shortlisting. Each Symbiosis Institute individually applies SNAP cut offs for final selection round.
4. SNAP 2023 Cut off Score Vs Percentile
SNAP 2023 Score vs Percentile is a significant factor for admissions into Symbiosis University’s MBA Program. The total score that test takers obtain in the SNAP Test is converted to percentiles in order to create the merit list. Below is the expected Score range to obtain required percentile:
SNAP Test-2 Score vs Percentile 2023
| |
SNAP total Marks
|
SNAP Percentile
|
45-46
|
99.5
|
43-44
|
99
|
40-41
|
95
|
37-38
|
90
|
34-35
|
85
|
30-32
|
80
|
Read More on SNAP Score Vs Percentile
5. SNAP 2023 Second Exam Cut offs for Top Symbiosis Colleges
Likely cut offs for top Symbiosis colleges including SIBM Pune, SCMHRD Pune and other Symbiosis institutes in SNAP Test-2 are as below
Symbiosis college
|
Expected SNAP 2023 Cut off Score
|
Expected SNAP 2023 Percentile cut off
|
SIBM, Pune
(Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Pune)
|
41-42
|
97-98
|
SCMHRD, Pune (Symbiosis Centre for Management and Human Resource Development, Pune)
|
40-41
|
96-97
|
SIIB, Pune (Symbiosis Institute of International Business, Pune)
|
37-38
|
93-94
|
SIOM, Nashik (Symbiosis Institute of Operations Management, Nashik)
|
35-36
|
89-90
|
SIBM, Bengaluru (Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Bengaluru)
|
35-36
|
89-90
|
SIMS, Pune (Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies, Pune)
|
32-33
|
84-85
|
SCIT, Pune (Symbiosis Centre for Information Technology, Pune)
|
30-31
|
80-82
|
SICSR, Pune (Symbiosis Institute of Computer Studies & Research, Pune)
|
30-31
|
80-82
|
SITM Pune(Symbiosis Institute of Telecom Management, Pune)
|
30-31
|
80-82
|
SIMC Pune (Symbiosis Institute of Media & Communication, Pune)
|
28-29
|
78-79
|
SSMC Bengaluru (Symbiosis School for Media & Communication, Bengaluru)
|
26-27
|
76-77
|
SSBF Pune (Symbiosis School of Banking and Finance, Pune)
|
24-25
|
73-75
|
SIBM Hyderabad (Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Hyderabad)
|
22-23
|
70-72
|
SIHS Pune (Symbiosis Institute of Health Sciences, Pune)
|
18-20
|
65-66
|
SSSS Pune (Symbiosis School of Sports Sciences, Pune)
|
16-17
|
55-60
|
Above are the expected SNAP cut offs. Actual cut offs may change
Career Launcher SNAP Exam Analysis 2023: Test 2
The Symbiosis National Aptitude Test (SNAP) is a computer-based test held for candidates who are seeking admission to the MBA program in any institute of Symbiosis International (Deemed University).
SNAP 2023 Test 2 maintained the same pattern and level of difficulty as Test 1. The only notable difference was that the Quantitative, Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency was lengthier in Test 2 than in Test 1 and included a few tricky questions. Given below is the section-wise difficulty level and good scores.
SNAP 2023: Exam Pattern & Expected Cutoff
Sections
|
Questions
|
Maximum Marks
|
Difficulty Level
|
Good Score Test 1
|
General English
|
15
|
15
|
Easy-Moderate
|
10
|
Analytical & Logical Reasoning
|
25
|
25
|
Easy
|
16-18
|
Quantitative, Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency
|
20
|
20
|
Easy-Moderate
|
12-13
|
Total
|
60
|
60
|
Easy-Moderate
|
41-42
|
SNAP 2023 Test 2: General English
The General English section of Test 2 was similar to Test 1 and had an easy to moderate level of difficulty. A good score in the section would be 10 marks.
The topic-wise breakup of the General English section is given below:
Topic
|
No. of Questions
|
Prefix
|
1
|
Antonym
|
1
|
Conditional Statement
|
1
|
Correct Statement
|
1
|
Tense
|
1
|
Figure of Speech
|
1
|
Modal Filler
|
1
|
Idiom
|
1
|
Compound Word
|
1
|
Proverb
|
1
|
Filler
|
1
|
Passive Form
|
1
|
Adverb/Adj. identify
|
1
|
Count/Uncount Noun
|
1
|
Arrange part of sentence
|
1
|
Total
|
15
|
SNAP 2023 Test 2: Analytical & Logical Reasoning
Maintaining the difficulty level of SNAP 2023 Test 1, a good score in the SNAP 2023 Test 2 section was 16-18 marks. The topic-wise breakup of the section is as follows:
Analytical & Logical Reasoning
| |
Topic
|
No. of Questions
|
Series
|
3
|
Analogy (Number Based)
|
1
|
Word Arrangement
|
1
|
Odd one out
|
1
|
Arrangement
|
4
|
Blood Relation
|
2
|
Clock and Calendar
|
3
|
Visual Reasoning
|
1
|
Binary Logic
|
1
|
Total
|
17
|
Verbal Reasoning
| |
Topic
|
No. of Questions
|
Cause & Effect
|
2
|
Statement & Course of Action
|
1
|
Statement & Assumption
|
2
|
Passage (Conclusion)
|
1
|
Statement & Conclusion
|
2
|
Total
|
8
|
SNAP 2023 Test 2: Quantitative, Data Interpretation, Data Sufficiency
This section was lengthier in SNAP 2023 Test 2 compared to Test 1. The section had 10 questions of arithmetic. The overall difficulty of the section was easy to moderate and a good score in this section would be 12-13 marks.
The topic-wise breakup of questions from this section is given below:
Topic
|
No. of Questions
|
Averages
|
2
|
Ratio
|
2
|
Profit & Loss
|
2
|
LCM & HCF
|
1
|
Age
|
1
|
Data Interpretation (%)
|
2
|
Logarithm
|
1
|
Set
|
1
|
PnC
|
1
|
TSD
|
3
|
Series
|
2
|
Percentage
|
1
|
SiCi
|
1
|
Total
|
20
|
SNAP 2023 Test 2: Expected Cutoffs
B-schools
|
Expected Cutoffs
|
SIBM Pune
|
42
|
SCMHRD
|
40
|
Other Institutes
|
37
|
SNAP Test-1 Analysis
SNAP Test-1 was held on Dec 10 in 2 slots from 2PM to 3 PM and from 4.30 PM to 5.30 PM and was a moderate difficulty test. SNAP Test-2 is also expected on same pattern and difficulty level. Detailed SNAP Test-1 Analysis is as below:
SNAP 2023 Exam Pattern Analysis: Exam Pattern, Scoring Schemes & Key Changes
Sections in SNAP 2023
|
Total Questions (All MCQ Type)
|
Marking Scheme
|
Negative Marking
|
Maximum Marks you can score
|
General English: Reading Comprehension, Verbal Reasoning, Verbal Ability
|
15
|
+1 mark for each correct answer
|
- ¼ Mark for each wrong answer
|
15
|
Quantitative, Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency
|
20
|
+1 mark for each correct answer
|
- ¼ Mark for each wrong answer
|
20
|
Analytical & Logical Reasoning
|
25
|
+1 mark for each correct answer
|
- ¼ Mark for each wrong answer
|
25
|
Current Affairs
|
Nil
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
Total
|
60
|
--
|
--
|
60
|
- Similar to other major National Level MBA entrance exams such as CAT/XAT, SNAP 2023 has three common sections – Quant, LR/DI and English.
- Current Affairs which used to be an additional section in SNAP, has been dropped from the SNAP exam.
- With the reduced number of questions in SNAP 2023 exam, the cut offs in shortlisting are also changed proportionately.
SNAP 2023 Analysis: Key Changes
- Symbiosis National Aptitude Test (SNAP) 2022 is conducted on three dates on December 10, 17 & 22. There is no SNAP exam date in January 2024
- SNAP Exam 2023 duration is reduced to 1 hour from 2 hours
- Candidate can take all the 3 SNAP 2023 exams as against 2 SNAP tests allowed last year
- Total questions reduced to 60
- The candidate has to decide well in advance if he/she plans to appear in SNAP one, two or three SNAP exams.
Best of the performance of candidate out of the attempts he/ she has made will be considered for final percentile calculation
2. SNAP 2023 Analysis: Difficulty Level, Good Attempts, Sectional Cut offs
Section
|
Total Questions
|
Difficulty Level
|
Good Attempts
|
Suggested time to attempt the section (in minutes)
|
General English: Reading
Comprehension, Verbal Reasoning, Verbal Ability
|
15
|
Easy to Moderate
|
12-13
|
14-15
|
Analytical & Logical Reasoning
|
25
|
Moderate
|
18-19
|
22-24
|
Quantitative, Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency
|
20
|
Easy to Moderate
|
13-14
|
21-22
|
Since there is no individual sectional time limit, it would be better to keep a few minutes with you to check & view the unattempted questions. Below is shared the SNAP analysis section wise with good attempts and break of questions
SNAP Test-1 2023 Sectional Analysis
SNAP Test-1 sectional analysis is as below:
Section-1: General English
- Total Questions: 15
- Difficulty Level: Easy to Moderate
- RC Based Questions: Nil
- Verbal Ability Based Questions: 15
- Ideal Attempts 12-13 questions with 90% accuracy
- Expected time to attempt the sections 14-15 minutes.
Break-up of Questions
General English
|
No. Of Qs
|
Vocabulary
|
5
|
Grammar
|
9
|
Others
|
1
|
Type of Questions
- All questions were of MCQ type with negative marking
- Questions were based on Vocabulary, Grammar and Poetry
- No questions on Reading Comprehension Passages
Vocabulary Based Questions
- Antonyms (1 question)
- Figures of Speech, Proverbs, Idioms (4)
Grammar Based Questions
- Parts of speech and tenses identification from Poem: (2)
- Direct Grammar Based Questions with correct usage: (5)
- Fill in the blanks: (Single blank 1; questions with three blanks 3 questions)
- No RC passages and questions
- Section was less time-consuming
Section-2: Analytical & Logical Reasoning
- Total Questions: 25
- Questions based on Verbal Reasoning: 11-12
- Non-Verbal Reasoning based questions: 13-14
- Difficulty level-Easy to moderate
- Ideal Attempts- 18-19
- Expected time to attempt the section: 22-24 minutes
Break-up of Questions in Analytics & Logical Reasoning section.
Question types
|
Number of questions
|
Level of difficulty
|
Verbal Reasoning
| ||
Syllogisms
|
2
|
Easy to Moderate
|
Statement & Course of Action
|
2
|
Easy
|
Conclusion - Critical Reasoning
|
3
|
Easy
|
Statement & Assumption
|
1
|
Easy
|
Cause- Effect
|
1
|
Easy
|
Word-Arrangement
|
2
|
Easy
|
Non-Verbal Reasoning
| ||
Complete the series
|
2
|
2 easy
|
Clocks
|
2
|
2 easy
|
Calendars
|
2
|
2 easy
|
Linear Arrangement
|
2
|
2 easy
|
Coding
|
2
|
1 easy,1 medium
|
Family Tree
|
2
|
1 easy,1 medium
|
Odd man out
|
1
|
1 easy
|
Sequential Output
|
1
|
1 easy
|
Numerical puzzle
|
1
|
1 medium
|
Type of Questions
Verbal Reasoning – 12 MCQs
- Critical Reasoning Based- 3 questions
- Courses of Action - 2 questions
- Statement and Assumption - 3 questions
- Cause-Effect - 1 question
- Syllogisms - 1 question
- Word Arrangement -2 questions
Non-Verbal Reasoning – 13 Questions
- Included questions on clocks, calendars, Linear arrangement
- No set based questions
Section-3: Quantitative, Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency
- Total Questions-20
- Mathematics based Questions-19
- Data Interpretation (DI) Questions-1
- No question on Data Sufficiency
- Difficulty Level – Moderate but higher than other two sections
- Ideal Attempts – 13-15 Questions with 90% accuracy
- Expected time to complete the section – 21-23 minutes
Break Up of Questions
Quantitative, Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency
|
Easy
|
Medium
|
Difficult
|
Total
|
Arithmetic
|
6
|
1
|
--
|
7
|
Modern Mathematics
|
--
|
6
|
1
|
7
|
Geometry
|
1
|
2
|
--
|
3
|
Numbers
|
2
|
|
--
|
2
|
Algebra
|
--
|
1
|
--
|
1
|
Data Interpretation
|
--
|
1
|
--
|
1
|
Data Sufficiency
|
Nil
|
Nil
|
Nil
|
--
|
Type of Questions
- All questions were of MCQ Type
- Section was dominated by Arithmetic with 7 Questions
- Modern Mathematics-7 Questions
- Geometry- 3 Questions
Scaling Down Process of SNAP Scores
The maximum score of 60 marks in SNAP is scaled down to 50 while calculating the cut off and weightage at the time of shortlisting. Each Symbiosis Institute individually applies SNAP cut offs for final selection round.
4. SNAP 2023 Cut offs for Top Symbiosis Colleges
Likely cut offs for top Symbiosis colleges including SIBM Pune, SCMHRD Pune and other Symbiosis institutes are as below
Symbiosis college
|
City
|
Likely SNAP 2023 Cut off Score
|
SIBM (Symbiosis Institute of Business Management)
|
Pune
|
40-41
|
SCMHRD (Symbiosis Centre for Management and Human Resource Development)
|
Pune
|
39-40
|
SIIB (Symbiosis Institute of International Business)
|
Pune
|
36-37
|
Symbiosis Institute of Operations Management (SIOM)
|
Nashik
|
36-37
|
SIBM (Symbiosis Institute of Business Management)
|
Bangalore
|
34-35
|
SIMS (Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies)
|
Pune
|
31-32
|
SCIT (Symbiosis Centre for Information Technology)
|
Pune
|
30-31
|
5. SNAP Exam Analysis 2023: 4 Year Trends
SNAP 2023 follows last year pattern. Below are the key similarities and changes in the SNAP pattern as compared to earlier years
Particulars
|
SNAP 2023
|
SNAP 2022 & 2021
|
SNAP 2020
|
SNAP 2019
|
Number of SNAP Exams for admission to MBA programmes in Symbiosis Institutes
|
3 Exams (In Dec 2023)
|
3 Exams (In Dec 2022); 3 exams in Dec 2021 & Jan 2022)
|
3 Exams (In Dec 2020 & Jan 2021)
|
1 Exam
|
Duration
|
60 Minutes
|
60 minutes
|
60 minutes
|
120 minutes
|
Total no. of questions
|
60
|
60
|
60
|
110
|
General English: Reading Comprehension, Verbal Reasoning, Verbal Ability
|
15
|
15
|
15
|
34
|
Quantitative, Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency
|
20
|
20
|
20
|
35
|
Analytical & Logical Reasoning
|
25
|
25
|
25
|
36
|
Current Affairs
|
Removed
|
--
|
--
|
|
Special Questions
|
No
|
Nil
|
Nil
|
5
|
5.1 Changes in Time Duration, Number of Questions in SNAP 2023 in 4 Years
Following is the revision in SNAP 2023 pattern in number of questions, time duration, scoring pattern among others
Particulars
|
SNAP 2023
|
SNAP 2022, 2021 & 2020
|
SNAP 2019
|
Duration
|
60 minutes
|
60 minutes
|
120 minutes
|
SNAP Test Timing
|
Shift-1: 2 PM to 3 PM
Shift-2: 4.30 PM to 5.30 PM
|
11 AM to 12 Noon & 2 PM to 3 PM
|
2 PM to 4 PM
|
Total no. of questions
|
60
|
60
|
110
|
General English: Reading Comprehension, Verbal Reasoning, Verbal Ability
|
15
|
15
|
34
|
Quantitative, Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency
|
20
|
20
|
35
|
Analytical & Logical Reasoning
|
25
|
25
|
36
|
Special Questions
|
Nil
|
Nil
|
5
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Symbiosis National Aptitude Test (SNAP) is the Mandatory Entrance Exam for admission to MBA programmes in 15 Symbiosis Institutes which are affiliated to Symbiosis International University (SIU) Pune. Symbiosis International University (SIU) Pune is conducting SNAP 2023 exam on three dates on December 10, 17 and 22, 2023. Expert team from MBAUniverse.com has assessed SNAP 2023 exam to share SNAP exam analysis.
Stay tuned to MBAUniverse.com for more updates on SNAP 2023 Exam